See welkne in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
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"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "welkin"
}
],
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[
"wolcnu",
"wolcnu#Old_English"
],
[
"wolcen",
"wolcen#Old_English"
],
[
"wolcn",
"wolcn#Old_English"
],
[
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],
[
"dwele",
"dwele#Middle_English"
],
[
"Wednesday",
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],
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],
[
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]
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wolcnu, plural of wolcen, wolcn, from Proto-West Germanic *wolkn.\nForms with /ɛ/ reflect either an Old English collateral form *welcn, *welcne or a dissimilatory change from /wɔ/ to /wɛ/ (West Midland /wœ/; compare dwele, Wednesday); Middle English forms with /ɔ/ possibly reflect a further development of this rather than a direct continuation of the vocalism of Old English wolcn. In the West Midlands, forms with /a/ reflect the Mercian Old English development from /o/ to /ɑ/ between a labial and /l/, /r/ (see morwe), while in East Anglia and Essex, they presumably reflect a later and more restricted development from /wɔl/ to /wal/.",
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "welcon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "welkyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "walcne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "walken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "walkene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "walkne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "walkon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "walkyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "walkyne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "weolkne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "weolkyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wolcne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wolken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wolkene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wolkne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"tags": [
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"name": "head"
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"expansion": "welkne (uncountable)",
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"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 4 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Atmosphere",
"orig": "enm:Atmosphere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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66,
73
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102,
105
]
],
"english": "[…] Neither had the sun been seen / because of the dust of the gunpowder; / neither could you see the sky / due to the flight of arrows and quarrels.",
"ref": "c. 1340 [c. 1175], Kẏng Alıſaundre (Lincoln's Inn MS. Hale 150), Shropshire, translation of Roman de toute chevalerie by Thomas de Kent (in Anglo-Norman), published c. 1400, folio 48, verso; republished as Alysaunder, London: The Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
"text": "[…] No þe sunne hadde beo seẏe / ffoꝛ þe duſt of þe poudre / No þe weolkẏn seon me mẏȝt / So was arewes and quarels flẏȝt",
"translation": "[…] Neither had the sun been seen / because of the dust of the gunpowder; / neither could you see the sky / due to the flight of arrows and quarrels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The upper sky or atmosphere (as occupied by weather)."
],
"id": "en-welkne-enm-noun-8vReqSHY",
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],
[
"sky",
"sky"
],
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{
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"english": "Thus hath this piteous day a blissful end / For every man & woman doth his might / This day in mirth and revel to dispend / Till on the welkin shone the stars bright / For more solemn in every man's sight / This feast was, and greater of costage / Than was the revel of her marriage",
"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Clerke of Oxenfordes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio liiii, verso, part 6:",
"text": "Thus hath this pytous day a blyſful ende / For euery man & woman doth hys myght / Thys daye in myrth and reuel to dyſpende / Tyl on the welken ſhone the ſterres bryght / For more ſolempne in euery mannes ſyght / Thys feeſt was, and greater of coſtage / Then was the reuel of her mariage",
"translation": "Thus hath this piteous day a blissful end / For every man & woman doth his might / This day in mirth and revel to dispend / Till on the welkin shone the stars bright / For more solemn in every man's sight / This feast was, and greater of costage / Than was the revel of her marriage",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"Outer space as visible from Earth; the firmament or heavens."
],
"id": "en-welkne-enm-noun-i2jMKph9",
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"Outer space",
"outer space"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
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"Earth",
"Earth"
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[
"firmament",
"firmament"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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{
"_dis": "7 13 61 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
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},
{
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"_dis": "6 8 71 15",
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}
],
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"One of the celestial spheres."
],
"id": "en-welkne-enm-noun-Coga96d1",
"links": [
[
"cosmology",
"cosmology"
],
[
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"celestial sphere"
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"(medieval cosmology) One of the celestial spheres."
],
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"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
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],
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"A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"id": "en-welkne-enm-noun-eg77uNFp",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
],
[
"mass",
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],
[
"water",
"water#English"
],
[
"droplet",
"droplet#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlk(ə)nə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwalkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwalk(ə)nə/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwœlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwœlk(ə)nə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlk(ə)nə/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
}
],
"word": "welkne"
}
{
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
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"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *welg-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
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"Pages with etymon",
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{
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{
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"alternative"
]
},
{
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},
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},
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},
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},
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"name": "enm-noun"
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66,
73
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102,
105
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],
"english": "[…] Neither had the sun been seen / because of the dust of the gunpowder; / neither could you see the sky / due to the flight of arrows and quarrels.",
"ref": "c. 1340 [c. 1175], Kẏng Alıſaundre (Lincoln's Inn MS. Hale 150), Shropshire, translation of Roman de toute chevalerie by Thomas de Kent (in Anglo-Norman), published c. 1400, folio 48, verso; republished as Alysaunder, London: The Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
"text": "[…] No þe sunne hadde beo seẏe / ffoꝛ þe duſt of þe poudre / No þe weolkẏn seon me mẏȝt / So was arewes and quarels flẏȝt",
"translation": "[…] Neither had the sun been seen / because of the dust of the gunpowder; / neither could you see the sky / due to the flight of arrows and quarrels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"The upper sky or atmosphere (as occupied by weather)."
],
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"upper",
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],
[
"sky",
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],
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
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136,
142
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"english": "Thus hath this piteous day a blissful end / For every man & woman doth his might / This day in mirth and revel to dispend / Till on the welkin shone the stars bright / For more solemn in every man's sight / This feast was, and greater of costage / Than was the revel of her marriage",
"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Clerke of Oxenfordes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio liiii, verso, part 6:",
"text": "Thus hath this pytous day a blyſful ende / For euery man & woman doth hys myght / Thys daye in myrth and reuel to dyſpende / Tyl on the welken ſhone the ſterres bryght / For more ſolempne in euery mannes ſyght / Thys feeſt was, and greater of coſtage / Then was the reuel of her mariage",
"translation": "Thus hath this piteous day a blissful end / For every man & woman doth his might / This day in mirth and revel to dispend / Till on the welkin shone the stars bright / For more solemn in every man's sight / This feast was, and greater of costage / Than was the revel of her marriage",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Outer space as visible from Earth; the firmament or heavens."
],
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"outer space"
],
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"visible",
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One of the celestial spheres."
],
"links": [
[
"cosmology",
"cosmology"
],
[
"celestial sphere",
"celestial sphere"
]
],
"qualifier": "medieval cosmology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(medieval cosmology) One of the celestial spheres."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
],
[
"mass",
"mass#English"
],
[
"water",
"water#English"
],
[
"droplet",
"droplet#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlk(ə)nə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwalkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwalk(ə)nə/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwœlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwœlk(ə)nə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlk(ə)nə/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
}
],
"word": "welkne"
}
Download raw JSONL data for welkne meaning in Middle English (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.